Gịnị bụ ihe onwunwe?

1.Okwu mmalite nke ihe

1.1 Nhazi nke ihe

1. Ihe okike: nkume, osisi, wdg.

2.Mepụta ihe: ite na ọla dị iche iche

3.Synthetic ihe: alloy resin, ihe ngwakọta na ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe

1.2 Nhazi nke ihe owuwu enwere ike kewaa usoro dịka nha:

1. Subatomic Ọdịdị: Gụnyere electrons n'ime otu atọm, ike ha na-emekọrịta ihe na oghere atomic.

2. Atomic Ọdịdị (Atomic structurc): metụtara nhazi nke atọm, ụmụ irighiri ma ọ bụ kristal 3. Nanostructure (Nanostructure): Ọdịdị nke ihe n'etiti molekul na micron akpịrịkpa.

4. Microstructure (Microstructurre): Microstructure bụ akụkụ dị oke ntakịrị nke ihe ahụ, nke a na-akọwa dị ka nhazi nke elu nke ihe ahụ, dị ka e gosiri site na anya microscope na-ebuwanye ibu karịa 25 ugboro.

5. Macrostructure: Ihe nhazi nke enwere ike ịhụ na anya gba ọtọ (oke nha n'etiti milimita ole na ole na otu mita)

2. Ihe onwunwe (Njirimara) bụ ụzọ ihe eji eme ihe na gburugburu ebe obibi na ike mpụga.

2.1 Njirimara anụ ahụ Njirimara nke anụ ahụ bụ ihe ndị ahụ nwere ike ịhụ na-agbanweghị ihe nke ihe. Njirimara izugbe nke ihe, dị ka agba, njupụta, na isi ike, bụ ihe anụ ahụ.

2.2 Njirimara kemịkalụ A na-akpọ ihe na-akọwa etu ihe si agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị iche kpamkpam. Ọkụ ọkụ, nguzogide corrosion, na nguzogide oxidation bụ akụrụngwa kemịkal. N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, site n'echiche nke ihe injinia, ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa na-agụnye mgbanwe mgbanwe okpomọkụ, njupụta, ike ndọda kpọmkwem, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion linear coefficient, eletriki conductivity na resistivity, magnetik permeability arụmọrụ na corrosion resistance, wdg.

2.3 Udi nke ngwa siri ike Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe niile dị mkpa nke ihe siri ike nwere ike kewaa ụzọ isii dị iche iche iji kpalite mmeghachi omume dị iche iche:

1. Mechanical Njirimara: mekọrịta nrụrụ na ibu ma ọ bụ ike etinyere; dịka ọmụmaatụ, modulus na-agbanwe ike (isi ike), ike na nkwụsị mgbawa

2. Ngwa eletriki (Electrical Njirimara): A na-etinye ọkụ eletrik; ahụkarị Njirimara gụnyere conductivity na dielectric mgbe niile

3. Thermal Njirimara (Thermal Njirimara): N'ihe metụtara okpomọkụ ihe ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ gradient metụtara mgbanwe okpomọkụ; ihe atụ nke ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-agụnye mgbasawanye okpomọkụ na ike okpomọkụ

4. Njirimara magnetik: nzaghachi nke ihe na mpaghara magnetik; Njirimara ndọta nkịtị gụnyere ike ndọta na ike ndọta

5. Ngwa anya: mpụga electromagnetic radieshon Ma ọ bụ anya radieshon; index refractive na reflectivity index bụ ihe nnọchi anya ngwa anya

6. Njirimara mmebi: metụtara mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke ihe; dịka ọmụmaatụ, nguzogide corrosion nke ọla.

2.4 Nhazi nke ihe

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