Mkpuchi evaporation na-ekpo ọkụ, nke a na-akpọ evaporation, na-ezo aka na usoro nke evaporating na vaporizing ihe mkpuchi (ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri) site na iji usoro ikpo ọkụ na ikpo ọkụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ agụụ, na ihe ndị ahụ na-efega n'elu nke mkpụrụ ahụ iji kpoo na condense. mepụta ihe nkiri. Evaporation bụ teknụzụ mbubata uzuoku nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mbụ, nke nwere uru nke usoro imepụta fim dị mfe, ịdị ọcha nke ihe nkiri dị elu na compactness, yana usoro ihe nkiri pụrụ iche na arụmọrụ. A na-akpọ ihe ndị a na-eji na-ekpofu ikuku evaporation.
A na-ekpochapụ ihe nkwụnye ego ma ọ bụ tinye ya n'ime ihe ndị dị na gas → a na-ebuga ihe ndị na-emepụta ngwa ngwa site na isi iyi nke evaporation gaa n'elu ala → gaseous particles na-etinye aka na ala mkpụrụ iji nukleate ma too n'ime ihe nkiri siri ike → ihe nkiri atomic reconstruction ma ọ bụ njikọ kemịkalụ na-eme.
Tinye mkpụrụ ahụ n'ime oghere oghere, kpoo ihe nkiri ahụ site na nguzogide, electron beam, laser, wdg, iji wepụ ma ọ bụ mebie ihe nkiri ahụ, ma tinye ya n'ime akụkụ (atom, molecules or atomic group) na ụfọdụ ike ( 0.1-0.3eV).
A na-ebufe irighiri gas ahụ ngwa ngwa gaa na mkpụrụ n'usoro ahịrị na-enweghị nkukota. A na-egosipụta akụkụ nke ihe ndị na-eru n'elu nke mkpụrụ ahụ, na akụkụ nke ọzọ na-adaba na mkpụrụ ahụ ma gbasaa n'elu. Ọgbakọ abụọ nwere akụkụ abụọ na-eme n'etiti atọm edobere iji mepụta ụyọkọ. Ọ nwere ike ịnọrọ n'elu obere oge tupu ọ pụta.
Ụyọkọ urughuru na-ejikọta mgbe niile na ụmụ irighiri ihe na-agbasa, ma ọ bụ na-amịkọrọ otu irighiri ihe, ma ọ bụ na-ebupụta otu ahụ.
A na-emegharị usoro a ugboro ugboro. Mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke aggregated irighiri gafere ụfọdụ oké egwu uru, ọ na-aghọ a kwụsiri ike nucleus, na mgbe ahụ na-aga n'ihu na-amịkọrọ na igbasa ahụ na-eto nwayọọ nwayọọ. N'ikpeazụ, a na-emepụta ihe nkiri na-aga n'ihu site na kọntaktị na njikọ nke nuclei kwụsiri ike n'akụkụ.
Ụkpụrụ nke evaporation nguzogide: Ihe ndị nwere okpomọkụ evaporation nke 1000-2000 Celsius C nwere ike ikpo ọkụ site na nguzogide dị ka isi iyi evaporation. Igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-emepụta okpomọkụ mgbe ike na-eguzogide, na okpomọkụ na-eme ka ụmụ irighiri ihe ma ọ bụ atom nke ihe na-ekpofu ọkụ na-enweta ike zuru oke iji wepụ.
1. The evaporation isi iyi bụ n'ozuzu filamentous (0.05-0.13cm), mfe ịrụ ọrụ, ọnụ ala consumables, na mfe dochie.
2. Ihe na-ekpochapụ mmiri ga-eme ka waya kpo oku wee kwado ya site na nrụgide elu. Naanị metal ma ọ bụ alloy nwere ike ịpụpụ, na waya kpo oku dị mfe ịghọ nke na-agbaji.
3. Ihe ndị a na-ejikarị evaporation bụ: W, Mo, Ta, metal oxide na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, seramiiki ma ọ bụ graphite crucible.
Ọdịmma nke evaporation mgbazinye eletrik: enwere ike inwe mmeghachi omume n'etiti ihe nkwado na evaporator; okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ n'ozuzu bụ 1500 ~ 1900 ℃, ọ na-esiri ike nweta okpomọkụ evaporation dị elu, ya mere ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-ejedebe; ọnụ ọgụgụ evaporation dị ala; Ọnụ ọkụ ọkụ adịghị elu, Ọ bụrụ na ihe a ga-ekpochapụ n'oge evaporation bụ alloy ma ọ bụ ngwakọta, ọ nwere ike imebi ma ọ bụ nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke evaporation, na-eme ka ihe nkiri ahụ gbanwee site na nhazi nke ihe na-ekpo ọkụ. N'ebe okpomọkụ dị elu, tantalum na ọla edo na-emepụta alloys, aluminum, iron, nickel, cobalt, wdg. na-emepụta alloys na tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, wdg.
A na-eme ka ọkụ eletrik dị ngwa ngwa mgbe ọ gafechara site na ọkụ eletrik nke 5-10KV, wee lekwasị anya n'elu ihe a ga-ekpochapụ, na ike na-ebugharị na ihe a ga-esi na-agbaze na-agbaze.
1. Enwere ike ịchọta evaporation nke ihe ndị na-emegharị emegharị, na ngwa ngwa evaporation nwere ike mezuo na nnukwu ike njupụta iji gbochie nkewa nke alloys.
2. Enwere ike itinye ọtụtụ crucibles n'otu oge, na ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche nwere ike ikpochapụ n'otu oge ma ọ bụ iche iche;
3. Enweghị mmetọ. Ọtụtụ sistemụ evaporation nke eletrọn na-eji ndọta ndọta ma ọ bụ na-ehu igwe eletrọn na-ehulata. A na-etinye ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, na ihe a ga-esi na-ekpo ọkụ na-ejikọta ya na ihe mkpuchi (mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ) na-anọgide na-esi ike ma na-ekpochapụ n'elu ihe ahụ.
Nke ọma na-egbochi mmeghachi omume n'etiti crucible na evaporation ihe, ohere nke mmeghachi omume n'etiti evaporation ihe na crucible dị nnọọ obere, adabara maka nkwadebe nke elu-ọcha mkpa fim, na ike kwadebe mkpa film ihe na ubi nke optics. , ngwá electronic na optoelectronics, dị ka Mo, Ta, Nb, MgF2, Ga2Te3, TiO2, Al2O3, SnO2, Si, wdg; vaporized molecular kinetic energy is ibu, na a firmer na denser film nwere ike nweta karịa iguzogide kpo oku.
Ihe ọghọm nke evaporation eletrọn: Ọ nwere ike ionize gas evaporated na gas fọdụrụnụ, nke na-emetụta mgbe ụfọdụ ịdị mma nke oyi akwa ihe nkiri; nhazi nke ngwaọrụ evaporation electron beam dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị oke ọnụ; X-ray emepụtara nwere ụfọdụ mmebi na ahụ mmadụ.
Ụkpụrụ nke evaporation laser: A na-eji laser eme ihe dị ka isi iyi ọkụ, na ọkụ laser dị elu na-agafe na windo nke oghere oghere iji kpoo ihe a kpochapuru n'ebe dị elu, gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ gas, tinye ya n'ime ọkụ. ihe nkiri.
1. na-eji kpo oku na-enweghị kọntaktị, belata mmetọ, mee ka ọnụ ụlọ dị mfe, nke kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịkwadebe ihe nkiri dị ọcha n'okpuru ultra-vacuum;
2. Isi iyi ọkụ dị ọcha, na-enweghị mmetọ sitere na ahụ kpo oku;
3. Nlekwasị anya nwere ike nweta ike dị elu, ma nwee ike ịchekwa ihe ndị na-agbaze dị elu dị ka ceramik na ihe ndị dị mgbagwoju anya (ihe mgbapụta ozugbo);
4. A na-etinye ọkụ ọkụ ahụ, a na-etinye ngwaọrụ laser n'ebe dị anya, na ụfọdụ ihe nkiri ihe nkiri pụrụ iche (dị ka ihe redioaktivu nke ukwuu) nwere ike ịchekwa n'enweghị nsogbu;
5. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke evaporation, ihe nkiri nwere nnukwu adhesion.
Ihe ọghọm nke evaporation laser: ọ na-esiri ike ịchịkwa ihe nkiri ahụ; ọ nwere ike ime ka oke ekpo oke ọkụ na mgbawa nke ogige; ọnụ ahịa evaporation laser dị oke elu.
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