ogige

A na-ekewa ngwakọta n'ime ogige organic na ogige inorganic.

Ogige ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ ogige ndị nwere carbon (ma ogige ndị nwere carbon abụghị ihe organic). A na-akpọ ngwakọta ndị nwere naanị carbon na hydrogen hydrocarbons. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, methane (CH4) bụ alkane, ethylene (C2H4) bụ alkene, acetylene (C2H2) bụ alkyne, na benzene (C6H6) bụ hydrocarbon na-esi ísì ụtọ. Ihe ndị dị ndụ bụ ihe nwere carbon (ma e wezụga CO2, CO, H2CO3 na carbonate) dị ka CH4, C2H5OH, CH3COOH niile nwere carbon (C).

Ogige inorganic enweghị hydrocarbons, dị ka H2O, KClO3, MnO2, KMnO4, NaOH, wdg, bụ inorganic ihe.

Ngwakọta ọla

Ngwakọta ọla na ogige intermetallic na-ezo aka na ogige ndị sitere na ọla na ọla ma ọ bụ ọla na metalloids (dị ka H, ​​B, N, S, P, C, Si, wdg). Ngwa nke ọla na ogige intermetallic bụ tumadi dị ka ihe na-arụ ọrụ, ihe nchekwa na-akpụzi na ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Ihe ngbanwe thermoelectric MoSi2 abụghị ihe na-ahụkarị intermetallic, kama ihe ịrịba ama sitere na ngwakọta intermetallic gaa na metal na nonmetal compound (silicon abụghị ígwè kama ọ bụ semiconductor). Ka o sina dị, ọ bụ omenala ikewa ogige silicon dị ka ogige intermetallic. N'ihi na ọ nwere ọtụtụ myirịta na ọla. E nwekwara otu isi klas nke ogige kpụrụ site ọcha Group IIIA na Group VA, dị ka InSb, GeAs, InAs, wdg. Ihe mejupụtara nke usoro ndị a gụnyere ọla, semimetals na nonmetals, na ogige ndị a kpụrụ bụ semiconductor, nke na-eme. esoghị na ogige intermetallic nwere akụrụngwa ọla.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe bụ isi nke nyocha anyị bụ ngwakọta ígwè na ogige intermetallic, nke bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọtụtụ ihe nchọpụta ụlọ ọrụ na sayensị. Ruo ugbu a, ụdị ngwa dị iche iche na ụdị dị iche iche ka dị n'ọhịa nke ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke nwere njirimara na ngwa anya, eletriki, magnetik, superconducting na ntụgharị ọrụ.

Maka nkwadebe nke ọla na ogige intermetallic, anyị na-ejikarị ụzọ ndị a:

Ngwakọta okpomọkụ dị elu na-agbasa onwe ya

Ngwakọta okpomọkụ dị elu nke na-agbasa onwe ya bụ usoro maka ịmepụta ihe na-eji ọkụ ọkụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-emepụta site na mmeghachi omume kemịkal. Na-emekarị mmeghachi omume na argon ma ọ bụ nitrogen dị ka ikuku na-echebe, mgbanye nke billet ntụ ntụ na-emepụta mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ, ọgbọ nke okpomọkụ nke mere na ntụ ntụ agbata obi na-ebili na mberede, na-ebute mmeghachi omume kemịkal, na n'ụdị ọkụ ọkụ na-agbasa. site dum mmeghachi omume, combustion ife na-aga n'ihu mejuputa n'ihu ije nke reactants n'ime ọgwụgwụ ngwaahịa.

Mgbasa plasma sintering

Ikwasa plasma sintering bụ ojiji nke pulsed elu ugbu a etinyere ozugbo na ebu na sample, si otú na-amụba ahu kpo oku, nke mere na sintered sample na-ngwa ngwa warmed elu, mgbe usu ugbu a mere site ihapu mmetụta n'etiti ahụ, nke mere na ahụ nke mpaghara elu nke elu okpomọkụ na agbaze, elu nke ihe flaking, dị ọcha n'elu nke ahụ, iji nweta ngwa ngwa sintering, na ike n'ụzọ dị irè igbochi ahụ na-eto eto.

Mechanical alloying

Mechanical alloying bụ usoro egwe ọka dị elu maka nkwadebe nke ntụ ntụ ntụ, na-abụkarị nkụ. Mkpakọrịta n'etiti bọọlụ na-egweri na ntụ ntụ na-eme ka ọ daa ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike nke uzuzu rọba, na-eduga n'ọchịkọta urughuru, kọntaktị elu na ịgbado ọkụ oyi. Nhazi nke multi-layer mejupụtara ntụ ntụ mejupụtara dị iche iche mmiri, mgbe ọrụ hardening oyi akwa na mejupụtara ahụ mgbaji, oyi ịgbado ọkụ na mgbajikwa mgbe niile, nakwa dị ka zuru ezu igwakorita na ịgwakọta, nke mere na ntụ ntụ ntụ ntụ na ndị ọzọ edo, na mgbe ahụ. nguzobe nke ihe mejupụtara ihe mejupụtara. N'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ntụpọ na nano-microstructure n'ime ihe ndị mejupụtara. Ọzọkwa elu-ike bọọlụ egwe ọka eme mgbe siri ike steeti mmeghachi omume, e guzobere ọhụrụ ihe.

Teknụzụ Coagulation eduzi

Directional solidification na-ezo aka n'iji mmanye n'aka na solidification usoro, na siri ike metal na ọ bụghị ike n'etiti gbazee guzosie a okpomọkụ gradient tinyere a kpọmkwem direction, nke mere na agbaze nucleation, tinyere ntụziaka megidere okpomọkụ eruba, dị ka okpomọkụ eruba. na nghazi crystallographic achọrọ maka ịkwado. Teknụzụ siri ike nke ntụzịaka nwere ike ijikwa nghazi ọka nke nzukọ siri ike, na-ewepụ oke mkpụrụ osisi transverse, nweta kristal kọlụm ma ọ bụ otu kristal, yana melite njirimara ogologo ihe nke ihe ahụ.

Igwe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ịpị isostatic na-ekpo ọkụ

Usoro ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na usoro ikpo ọkụ isostatic na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ntụ ntụ ntụ na usoro nkwụsịtụ n'otu oge, ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke abụọ ahụ bụ otu, isi ihe dị iche bụ ụzọ dị iche iche nke nrụgide. Hot ịpị usoro bụ otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ụzọ abụọ ike, na-ekpo ọkụ isostatic usoro ịpị dị n'akụkụ niile nke ụdị na-etinyere na otu nrụgide, n'ihi ya, ọ pụrụ n'ụzọ dị irè kpochapụ ihe fọdụrụ porosity nke ngwaahịa, na-eru nso. kpamkpam ok ihe onwunwe, karịsịa maka ụfọdụ n'ime refractory intermetallic ogige ekwesịghị pịa na sintered.